ENERGIES CLASS NOTES FOR Mechanical engineering
ENERGIES CLASS NOTES
FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Thermodynamics change one form
of energy into another form. There
are number of thermodynamic
devices to achieve the objective.
There are various forms of energy.
These are required in different devices.
ENERGY
Energy is the capacity to do work. It units are kJ.
It is of two types.
1. Stored Energy—It is the energy possessed by a system within its boundaries.
Examples of stored energy
a. Potential energy
b. Kinetic energy
c. Internal energy
d. Chemical energy
e. Nuclear energy
2. Transit Energy—It is the energy which crosses the boundaries of the system
Examples of transit energy
a. Heat energy
b. Work energy
c. Electrical energy
Law of Conservation of Energy
Sum of various energies of a system remains constant. One form of energy can change into another form. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. This law is also called First Law of Thermodynamics.
Sources of Energy
Solar Energy
Fuel Energy
Wind Energy
Nuclear Energy
Geothermal Energy
Water Energy
Ocean Tidal Energy
Ocean Waves Energy
INTERNAL ENERGY
It is internal Energy of the molecules. This is invisible. It is the sum of potential and kinetic energy of the molecules. This is affected by the change of temperature only.
Mathematically it is given by
du = 1 x cv dt kJ/kg (specific)
dU m x c v dt kJ (total)
Difference between Work and Internal Energy
Sr. No. |
Work |
Internal Energy |
1. |
Transit energy |
Stored Energy |
2. |
Path function |
Point function |
3. |
Do not depend on the state of the substance |
Depends on the state of the substance |
4. |
It can be fully converted into heat |
It cannot be fully converted into work |
5. |
Work is a function of pressure, temperature and volume. |
It depends only on temperature and it is always under constant volume. |
6. |
There are different equations for a flow process and a non-flow process respectively. It also depends on the type of process i.e. Iso-thermal, iso-baric, isentropic or poly-tropic.For a non flow process W = ∫ p dVFor a non-flow process W = ∫ — V dp |
There is one equation for internal energy i.e.U = m C v (t1 — t2) kJ |